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• 1 media/Empress-Eugenie-Winterhalter.jpg 2020-11-13T09:08:42+00:00 "The Queen's Ball" by Caroline Clive 14 Edited by Kara Young image_header 2020-12-11T17:02:58+00:00 1801 1873 1847 poem queen ball dead ghosts couplets mourning grief life fame pride genius spirits Victorian spiritualism

  Biography 

  Caroline Wigley Clive (June 24, 1801—July 13, 1873) was a British poetess and novelist. Born in Brompton to Whig M. P. Edmund Wigley and Anna Maria Meysey, Clive was the third child of five in a well-off, happy family. In 1803, Clive developed a feverish illness that left both of her legs partially paralyzed for life. Because of her disability, she focused all the more on rigorous intellectual pursuits. She maintained a faithful diary and exchanged eager letters about her poetry with thinkers she admired like critic Isaac D’Israeli and philosopher Dugald Stewart. Clive worked as the lady of her brother Edmund Greswolde’s house after he inherited Malvern Hall in Solihull in 1829.
  
  
  In 1833, Greswolde died while deployed in Ireland after catching cholera. This led to a fierce legal battle with his insurance company which would not compensate the family. Clive used this legal experience to write her 1858 novel Year after Year. She moved to Olton Hall where, at the age of thirty-nine, she married Reverend Archer Clive. It was in this year that she published IX Poems under the male pseudonym V. In the following few years, Clive published two small poetry books, a story in Blackwood’s, and a work of satire about the Oxford Movement. Her work did not receive significant public attention, but there were many favorable reviews. Starting in 1855, Clive began writing novels, the most popular of which was Paul Ferroll which tells the story of a man who murders his wife. This was followed by Year after Year, Why Paul Ferroll Killed His Wife, and John Greswold. Her work was known for its so-called masculine skill, clarity, and freshness in her deviance from the popular domestic novels of the time. Her writing career was limited by her decaying health, and after numerous strokes and injuries, she became almost completely paralyzed. In July 1873, at the age of seventy-two, Clive died after a spark from the fireplace caught her dress on fire, and—paralyzed and alone—she was unable to put it out in time.

  Introduction

  Clive wrote her poem “The Queen’s Ball” in response to a rumor that invitations to a court ball had been sent to 150 dead people. The work was published under her pseudonym V. by Saunders and Otley in 1847. This poem imagines that many of the invited ghosts attended, only for most of them to find that they have been forgotten. The tormented spirits mourn, and Clive ominously concludes that she knows more of suffering, abandoned souls but refuses to say more.
  
  The poem is both comedic and cautionary; the situation is ridiculous, but the warning to remember the dead feels real to the reader. Its structure is odd, consisting primarily of couplets, but there are a number of exceptions. The length of each stanza alternates between two and twenty-eight lines, indicating an emphasis on narrative flow rather than on clear, traditional formulas.
  
  "The Queen's Ball" is especially interesting in the context of the spiritualism movement. In the mid 1800s, spiritualism became popular in England, bringing seances, spirit photography, and spiritualist societies and publications. Some viewed the new movement as a religion, but others viewed it as a science. Regardless, the movement drew the attention of greats like Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, Rudyard Kipling, Robert and Elizabeth Barrett Browning, Christina Rosetti, and Queen Victoria herself. Spiritualist seances provided a way for mourners to receive personal messages from the dead, a need felt more deeply in a time with adult mortality rates fifty percent greater than today, according to Sigrid Payne Milner's thesis "Attitudes Toward Death in Victorian England, 1837-1902." Clive's poem at times seems to mock spiritualism, suggesting that some spirits just want to nap and that others are not worth contacting due to their arrogance. At other times, it admonishes readers to honor their late lovers, mothers, and sons. Either way, the ghosts defining this piece would have appealed to many contemporary readers who devoured spiritualism, gothicism, and didacticism. 
  
   

  "The Queen's Ball"

  HOW soon forgotten are the Dead!
  A splendid throng the Palace calls
  To meet and revel in its halls;
  And of the names that thus are sped,
  Seven score and ten[1] of them are dead.[2]
  
  They had been living when the crowd
  Last met within these portals proud;
  They shared the Banquet with the rest,
  They glitter'd brightly in their best,
  The gliding dance they join'd, and smiled,
  While Time was mark'd, and Care beguiled;
  Since then on dying beds they lay,
  And weeping friends, one mournful Day
  To the dark vault their relics gave;
  But when the Holiday once more
  Came round which call'd them there before,
  Their summons with the rest went out,
  The Life was known, their Death forgot.
  They heard it in their narrow grave,
  
  Where cold, and dark, and silent, they
  Beneath the sod or marble lay;
  And Pluto[3] grimly gave consent,
  That to the feast their steps be bent.
  
  Full many a one refused his ear
  To sounds which once had been so dear;
  He shut his eyes again, and said,
  'Twas wrong to 'mind him of his woes;
  And made a signal with his head,
  That they should leave him to repose.
  He would not lift the sealing stone,
  Nor ope[4] the coffin lid anew;--
  To have the wide world for his own,
  Again he would not jostle through.
  But some came gliding from their den,
  Glad to be thought of once again;
  The royal words that call'd them there,
  Forced through the door their forms of air.
  Which with the living mix'd once more,
  Pacing unseen the corridor;
  Both heard the music swell and fall,
  The flow'rs breathed perfume over all,
  With robes of state, the shrouds were blent[5],
  And, side by side, up stairs they went.
  
  But little did those living men
  The things that were among them ken[6];
  
  The Spirits wore such ghostly hue,
  That you might see men's faces through;
  They cast no gloom upon the way,
  Nor dimm'd a lady's bright array,
  For shadows, shadowless, were they.
  Where space was left, they glided on,
  None knew the space held any one;
  Where throng'd the crowd those chambers wide
  Their airy forms pass'd through--and e'en
  When press'd the living side to side,
  The risen dead were there between.
  
  One phantom was a girl, who here
  Had glitter'd in her eighteenth year,
  So heav'nly fair in those bright hours,
  With quaint device of dress and flow'rs,
  That the eye dwelt on her surprised,
  As on a fable realized:
  One, spell-bound most of all, had burn'd
  With love, which frankly she return'd;
  But while their silken courtship sped,
  Did sudden clouds a storm unroll;
  And 'twixt them left a gulf so dread
  As frighten'd from its place her soul.
  The world, whose fragile ornament
  She for a time so brief had been,
  Heard, faintly, of some dark event,
  That hid her from its festive scene;
  
  Heard all that was, and what was not;
  Inquired, conjectured, and forgot.
  Meantime her Spirit's broken wing
  Just bore her to the Grave's relief;
  Too weak was Life's elastic Spring,
  To brook[7] the bending hand of Grief.
  Her lover watch'd, with broken heart,
  (Or what to him and her seem'd broken),
  And the last words that she heard spoken,
  Were, 'Not for long, my Life, we part.'
  She heard, and smiled in death, to be
  Love's victim, and its victory.
  
  She came this night, and (unseen) moved,
  Where she had glitter'd, triumph'd, loved;
  And, 'mid new faces, sought for him
  Who should lament that hers was dim.
  She found him straight; but, ah! no dream
  Of her, the dead, there seem'd for him;
  He moved among the fair and gay,
  His smile, and ready word had they;
  He touch'd soft hands, and breathed a sigh,
  And sought, and found an answ'ring eye;
  And in the dance he mix'd with many,
  As happy and as light as any.
  Then on his breast the phantom rush'd,
  Her phantom hair his bosom brush'd,
  
  Her fond fantastic arms she wound,
  Beseechingly, his form around;
  Her airy lips his visage kiss'd:
  In vain, in vain; no thought he cast
  Back on the memory of the past,
  And she must let it go at last,
  The cherish'd hope that she was miss'd.
  
  A ghost went gliding round, who'd been
  The guest of guests, in such a scene;
  Without his wit, the feast was cross'd,
  Without his pen, the scene was lost:
  He came to earth, to weep their lot,
  Who wanted him, and found him not.
  But, where were they? Did none recall
  His presence, needful once to all?
  New wits were ris'n--new words were said,--
  And his like him were of the dead.
  Yet Genius is a deathless light,
  That still burns on through thickest night;
  It fires a steady lamp, whose rays
  Descend through time, like stars through space;
  Though twice a thousand years be fled,
  We still repeat what Æsop[8] said.
  Thus he, sad ghost! slow circling there,
  By many an all-unconscious ear,
  Caught at the last, the dearest name,
  His own,--the hold he had on Fame.
  
  'Poor ----,' the speaker said, 'his môt[9],
  The witty soul! was--so and so.'
  He heard,--he drank the praise they gave,
  And went the easier to his grave.
  
  A ghost was there, who died in age,
  Not wearied yet with pilgrimage;
  A soul, so kindly and so slight,--
  So guileless in the world's despite,
  So void of thought, yet rightly feeling,
  It could have no descending weight,--
  'Twould flutter up to heaven's gate,
  Like down, on rising breezes, stealing.
  And yet she sighed to see the ray
  Of gem and gold, her own of late,
  Which on a younger bosom lay,
  The owner of her name and state.
  Not all forgotten, she; for one
  Whom the new Lady smiled upon,
  Said, 'Is it true, then, that at last
  The ancient Dame[10] away has pass'd?'
  She heard, and turned her to the Tomb,
  And said 'Alas! your turn will come.'
  
  A shade who had been once a Mother
  Now came and mingled with the rest;
  Among the crowd she sought no other
  Than her she nursed upon her breast.
  
  'Twas not so long since she had died--
  Only six months since she was gone;
  And when they filled those halls of Pride,
  None recollected that the Maid
  Ought to be summon'd now, alone.
  There was she, slender, young, and fair,
  White feathers in her auburn hair;
  A robe of white, where threads of wool
  Scarce made the web less slight and cool;
  Silk lace, like cobwebs fine and slack,
  And on her arm a bracelet black.
  The bracelet t'was, that mourn'd her mother,
  And sign of grief she had no other[11].
  The phantom look'd into her face
  If aught of memory she might trace;
  And gazing, almost smiled to see
  How glad and beautiful was she;
  But when she mark'd that fairy thing
  Unguided walk the Circe ring[12],
  Who in her gay imprudence did
  Things which a mother would forbid--
  Oh, then the Phantom sank beneath
  The real bitterness of Death.
  'My girl, my darling!' (thus she cried
  In words to which was sound denied)
  'My treasure, pleasure, first-born, pride,
  For thine own sake, oh, think upon
  The doting mother who is gone!'
  
  Fond words, vain words, that mix'd with air
  Which floated musically there.
  
  Another shade who'd been a Son
  Came also there, and look'd for one--
  Not friend or lover, for he thought
  New friends, new loves, his place had got,
  But one in whose dear heart, no other
  Could fill his place, he sought his Mother.
  She like the others there, display'd
  Th' embroider'd robe, the jewell'd head;
  On slender topics of the day
  She had the proper phrase to say,
  And did not shrink, when careless men
  Touch'd on the subject of her pain;
  For well she knew the saddest lot
  Once pitied, and still pity needing,
  Is soon by human kind forgot,
  Save by the heart which yet is bleeding.
  But though the smile was on her face,
  And words were dropp'd with easy grace,
  He saw that over all, was one
  Habitual thought--my son, my son!
  When youth before her, gaily moved,
  She praised the joyous face and limb,
  But inly[13] said, 'My own beloved,
  My boy was, would have been, like him.'
  
  And when around her, greetings kind
  Went on in gay familiar tone,
  She yearning felt how long a time
  It was since she had seen her own.
  She knew there was a wall'd-up spot
  Where light and living air came not,
  Wherein, a mildew'd coffin lay;
  And that contain'd her fair, her brave;
  Her sick soul turn'd from courts away,
  And mourn'd within the unseen grave.
  Mother and Son that night once more
  United, and together were;
  Where gleam'd the fête[14], and mirth ran o'er,
  She thought of him, and he of her.
  More ghosts! more ghosts! one spirit came
  Answ'ring the summons to his name;
  So long that name had been his lot,
  That he forgot 'twas his no more;
  But all, except himself, forgot
  That ever it was he who bore.
  He saw his heir, he heard him call
  'Mine!' the broad lands, the hounds, the hall;
  He saw the list'ners blandly smile
  As smiled they for himself erewhile;
  He felt, 'Could I again go home
  In flesh and blood, as here I come,
  
  What were the sorrow, the despair
  Of those who wear my mourning there?'
  More ghosts! before a lovely dame
  One passionate and trembling came;
  And mark'd her easy, pamper'd grace,
  Her locks arrang'd, and flower-crown'd face
  In one past hour those two had been
  The actors in a fearful scene.
  Oh, God! what Tragedies pass o'er
  The great world's gilded Theatre!
  What deeds may they have wrought before,
  Who now so smooth and bland appear!
  And when the fatal scene is o'er,
  What different Fate for him and her;
  She lightly skims the ball-room floor,
  And he is in the sepulchre!
  His shadowy hands catch hers, not now
  Her pulses throb, her fingers glow;
  He says a word, but wakes no flame,
  Recalls no crime, renews no shame!
  The circling world admires and woos,
  The place with sights of joy is full,
  And she her dainty path pursues,
  Fastidious, courted, beautiful;
  And yet across her heart there shot
  A sudden, isolated thought;
  A sudden sight her mind's eye caught,
  Places and shapes which once had been;
  
  Herself, and him, and all that lay
  Behind in that eventful day,
  And what was done and suffer'd then.
  To-night what made it reappear?
  None living knew of it, save her;
  And there was nothing to recall
  Such thoughts in that resplendent hall.
  No; that bright lady knew not why;
  Perchance the cause was--He was nigh.
  
  More Ghosts! I know their stories well,
  But stories more I will not tell.
   
   

  ---

  [1] A score is a set of twenty. Seven score, then, is 140, and another ten are added.

  [2] This poem was inspired by a rumor that 150 late guests were invited to a royal ball.

  [3] Pluto was the god of the underworld according to Roman mythology.

  [4] Open

  [5] Were blended

  [6] In Scottish English, “to ken” is “to know or identify.”

  [7] To allow or to accept

  [8] Aesop was an ancient Greek fabulist known for didactic tales like “The Tortoise and the Hare” and “Androcles and the Lion.”

  [9] A bon mot is a witty statement

  [10] In England, the rank of dame is the feminine equivalent to the rank of knight.

  [11] Mourning jewelry was common in the Victorian era. Women especially were expected to publicly display their grief through their dress and were often expected to not make social appearances. The recommended mourning period for the death of a parent was one year. The daughter’s social appearance out of mourning clothes only six months after her mother’s death and her singular nod to her grief would seem disrespectful.

  [12] Circe is a Homeric enchantress, but the word “ring” evokes a circus ring, although “circe” does not seem to exist as a synonym for or an archaic form of “circus.”

  [13] Inwardly

  [14] Fête galante is the French term meaning “courtship party,” referring to paintings which depict opulent aristocrats in a picturesque landscape.

  Resources 

  Clive, Caroline. IX Poems. Second ed. London: Saunders and Otley, 1841. https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc2.ark:/13960/t2g73978z&view=1up&seq=9.
  
  Diniejko, Andrzej. “Victorian Spiritualism.” The Victorian Web, July 17, 2016. http://www.victorianweb.org/victorian/religion/spirit.html.
  
  “House of Mourning - Victorian Mourning & Funeral Customs in the 1890s.” Victoriana Magazine. Accessed November 13, 2020. http://www.victoriana.com/VictorianPeriod/mourning.htm.
  
  Milner, Sigrid Payne. “The Grim Reaper: Attitudes toward Death in Victorian England, 1837-1902.” Scholar Works, 1972. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=4394&context=etd.
  
  Mitchell, Charlotte. Caroline Clive, 1801-1873: A Bibliography . 28. Vol. 28. Victorian Fiction Research Guides . [St. Lucia, Qld.] : Victorian Fiction Research Unit, Dept. of English, University of Queensland, 1999. Full text online at https://web.archive.org/web/20150919040436/http://www.victoriansecrets.co.uk/victorian-fiction-research-guides/caroline-clive/.
  
  “Paul Ferroll.” The Saturday Review. January 12, 1856. https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=umn.31951001919197i&view=1up&seq=202&q1=paul%20ferroll.